In order to find out the relationship between temperature and the number of hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases, relevant departments reasonably implement disease prevention and early warning in county-level cities in Liaoning Province. Based on the daily meteorological observation data and respiratory system hospitalization data of Beipiao City and Xifeng County in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2018, the seasonal distribution characteristics and age distribution characteristics of the number of hospitalizations with respiratory system were analyzed. On this basis, the generalized additive model (GAM) and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were used to explore the effect of temperature on the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, and the results were stratified by sex and age. Modeling using attributable fractions (AF) to quantify the disease risk of exposure to specific temperature ranges (eg, extreme cold temperature, moderate cold temperature, moderate hot temperature, extreme hot temperature). The results show that the annual peak of the number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the two places occurs in winter and spring, and the majority of the sick people are children and the elderly. The optimal temperatures for people in Beipiao City and Xifeng County are 26.2 ℃ and 22.2 ℃, respectively. The impact of temperature on the incidence of respiratory diseases is dominated by the lag effect of cold temperature, and the immediate effect of hot temperature is not significant. In Beipiao City and Xifeng County, 27.0% (95% confidence interval: 20.3%-32.9%) and 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.1%-35.0%) of respiratory system hospitalizations were attributed to temperature, respectively, and the disease risk was mainly moderate cold temperature. The incidence of Beipiao City and Xifeng County was attributed to moderate cold temperature accounted for 25.9% (95% confidence interval: 19.5%-31.5%) and 28.1% (95% confidence interval: 21.5%-33.9%), respectively. In terms of age distribution, compared with the adult group, the percentage of diseases attributable to moderate cold is higher in the children group and the elderly group. In addition, the elderly group is also more sensitive to extreme low temperatures. In terms of gender stratification, women are more susceptible to low temperature than men. The temperature of the two county-level cities in Liaoning Province has different effects on different groups of people, the risk of disease caused by temperature on women and elderly residents is high.

For the needs of healthy tourism development, based on the daily meteorological observation data at Lijiang of Yunnan Province, Xishui and Jinping of Guizhou Province, the characteristics of climate comfort degree were analyzed based on human body comfort index caculated by ‘the Golden Section method’ and its classification in the three famous tourist cities. And on this basis the concentration degree of generalized comfort period in the three cities and their complementarity in time were studied. Finally, combined with the relevant disease data, the effect of climatic health care was explored. The results show that the generalized comfort period was longer in Lijiang and Xishui cities, which concentrated from February to November and March to November, respectively, and the climate comfort degree was high and the number of patients with respiratory diseases was low in each month of summer, so the effect of climatic health care was significant in summer. The climate in spring and autumn was comfortable in Jinping County, the climate comfort degree was higher in April, May, September and October, and the incidence rate of diseases was relatively low during the generalized comfort periods. In short, the effect of climatic health care on respiratory diseases was the best in summer in the three places, followed by circulatory system diseases, and the optimal climate comfort periods and health care effects among the three places were complementary in time, which was beneficial to clusters of climatic health care and tourism. The above results could provide some references for the choice of health care and tourist time in the above three places.

Based on the daily meteorological observation data at 17 weather stations of China and NCEP reanalysis data along the migration route of Siberian Crane during 1959-2018, the variation ranges of main meteorological elements in habitats and resting places of Siberian Crane were analyzed. Combined with the meteorological observation data at 547 weather stations in mainland of China from 1961 to 2019, the human body comfort degrees were respectively calculated and classified in habitats of Siberian Crane and mainland of China by using the human body comfort index and classification standard based on ‘the Golden Section’, and the characteristics of inner climatotherapy life during the migration of Siberian Crane were probed. The results show that the temperature in habitats and stopover places of Siberian Crane was from 0 ℃ to 15 ℃, and the relative humidity, average wind velocity and atmospheric pressure changed from 60% to 80%, 2 to 3 m·s^-1 and 1005 hPa to 1018 hPa, respectively. In general, Siberian Crane aimed to the cool, humid, breezy and clear meteorological environment, they spent 90.83% time of a year living in cool, cooler or slightly cold zones. By migrating seasonally, they stayed away from extreme cold or heat to ensure longevity, which could provide better reference for the migratory-bird sojourn of elder people in China. The human body comfort degrees in mainland of China had obvious spatial difference and seasonal complementary characteristics. The climate in Northeast China, Northwest China and part areas of Southwest China was comfortable in summer, while in coastal areas of South China and Hainan it was comfortable in winter. The periods of generalized comfort level in major cities of China could be used as a reference for the migratory-bird sojourn of the elderly. In addition, the suitable stopover could buffer the significant change of meteorological environment between the origin and destination and make the body gradually to adapt the change during the travelling to escape the heat or cold, which would effectively reduce or avoid the travelling health risks due to the wide change of meteorological environment in short period.